Aquaculture zoning, site selection and area management under the ecosystem approach to aquaculture
Aquaculture zoning, site selection and area management under the ecosystem approach to aquaculture
Aquaculture zoning, site selection and area management under the ecosystem approach to aquaculture
Full document
José Aguilar-Manjarrez
Aquaculture Officer
Aquaculture Branch
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
Rome, Italy
Doris Soto
Senior Scientist
Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research
Puerto Montt, Chile
and
Randall Brummett
Senior Aquaculture & Inland Fisheries Specialist
Environment and Natural Resources Department
World Bank
Washington, DC.
United States of America
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
THE WORLD BANK
Rome, 2017
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ISBN 978-92-5-109699-4 (FAO)
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| PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT |
| ABSTRACT |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
| ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS |
| FOREWORD |
| 1. INTRODUCTION |
| 1.2 Why spatial planning of aquaculture? |
| 1.3 The ecosystem approach to aquaculture |
| 2. IMPLEMENTATION OF AQUACULTURE SPATIAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT |
| 2.2 Recommended steps |
| 3. SCOPING |
| 3.2 Identification of relevant stakeholders for consultation |
| 3.3 Review and possible adaptation of laws, policies, regulations and institutional frameworks affecting aquaculture |
| 3.4 Identification of general issues and opportunities |
| 3.5 Identification of potential for cultured species and farming systems |
| 4. ZONING |
| 4.1 Identification of areas suitable for aquaculture |
| 4.2 Identification of issues and risks in zoning |
| 4.3 Broad carrying capacity estimation for aquaculture zones |
| 4.4 Biosecurity and zoning strategies |
| 4.5 Legal designation of zones for aquaculture |
| 5. SITE SELECTION |
| 5.2 Detailed estimation of carrying capacity for sites |
| 5.3 Biosecurity planning and disease control |
| 5.4 Authorization arrangements |
| 6. AQUACULTURE MANAGEMENT AREAS |
| 6.2 Establishing an area management entity involving |
| 6.3 Carrying capacity and environmental monitoring of AMAs |
| 6.4 Disease control in AMAs |
| 6.5 Better management practices |
| 6.6 Group certification |
| 6.7 Essential steps in the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of a management plan for an AMA |
| REFERENCES |
| GLOSSARY |
| Sources |
| Annex 1. Binding and Non- Legally Binding International Instruments That Govern Sustainable Aquaculture |
| References |
| Annex 2. Biosecurity Zoning and Compartments, Infected Zones, Disease-Free Zones |
| 2. Definitions of biosecurity, zoning and compartments, infected zones and diseasefree zones |
| 3. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) guidelines and other technical guidelines |
| 5. Purpose of compartmentalization |
| 6. Elements of zoning and compartmentalization |
| 6.2 Biosecurity Plan |
| 6.3 Surveillance |
| 6.4 Diagnostics |
| 6.5 Emergency Response |
| 6.6 Reporting |
| 6.7 Documentation |
| 6.8 Aquatic Animal Health Services |
| 6.9 Role of the Private Sector |
| References |
| Annex 3. Aquaculture Certification and Zonal Management |
| Annex 4. Tools and Models for Aquaculture Zoning, Site Selection and Area |
| Part 1. Case Study Summaries |
| Part 2. Overarching Tool s for Good Aquaculture Governance |
| Part 3. S ummary of spatial tools and models in use for aquaculture zoning, site selection and area management |
| Annex 5. Case Studies |
| Brazilian Aquaculture Parks— Fish Farming and Mariculture |
| 1. Introduction |
| 2. Zoning process |
| 3. Carryi ng Capacity Analysis |
| 4. Siting and licensing |
| 5. Operati on and Management |
| 6. Environmental Monitoring |
| 7. Discussion and Conclusions |
| 8. References |
| ANNEX 1. Tilapia Cages cult ure in Casta nhão reserv oir, Ceará state , Brazil—Case study effectiveness matrix |
| Chile Case: The Spatial Planning of Marine Cage Farming (Salmon) |
| 1. HISTORICAL ASPECTS |
| 2. AQUACULTURE ZONING |
| 3. SITE SELECTION |
| 4. AQUACULTURE MANAGEMENT AREAS (AMA) AND MACRO ZONES |
| 5. CONCLUSIONS |
| 6. REFERENCES |
| Annex 1 “Case study effectiveness matrix for Chilean sea cage farming” is presented in the next pages. |
| ANNEX 2. Chile’s Regions |
| Zonal Aquaculture Management in China and Indonesia |
| 2 General background to development of the zonal aquaculture approach |
| 3 Hainan Tilapia Aquaculture Improvement Project |
| 4 Developing zonal management |
| 5 Conclusion |
| 7 Background |
| 8 Developing zonal management |
| 9 Conclusion |
| 10 Acknowledgments |
| ANNEX 1. ANNEX 1. Case study effectiveness matrix—Hainan tilapia AIPHainan tilapia AIP |
| ANNEX 1. Case study effectiveness matrix—East Java shrimp AIP |
| Spatial Planning of Marine Finfish Aquaculture Facilities in Indonesia |
| 1. Background and objectives |
| 2. Aquaculture in Indonesia |
| 3. Marine finfish aquaculture fa cility in Indonesia selected for application |
| 4 S patial Planning Processes and Steps applied to the site at Pegametan Bay in Bali |
| 5. P roposed management plan for the site in Bali |
| 6. Capacity building |
| 7. Conclusions |
| 8. Acknowledgments |
| 9. References |
| ANNEX 1. Case study effectiveness matrix for coastal cage aquaculture in Indonesia |
| Shrimp Farming in Mexico |
| 1. INTRODUCTION |
| 2. OBJECTIVES |
| 3. METHODOLOGY |
| 4. PROPOSAL FOR THE COMPLIANCE OF UPAs WITHIN THE P-P NAYARIT STUDY AREA |
| 5. R ESULTS ASSESSMENT BY CONAPESCA |
| 6. CONCLUSIONS |
| 7. REFERENCES |
| ANNEX 1. Case study effectiveness matrix |
| Aquaculture Site Selection and Zoning in Oman |
| 1. General overview |
| 2. Aquaculture Zoning |
| 3. Institutional and regulatory frameworks |
| 4. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) |
| 5. Aquaculture Monitoring |
| 6. Conclusion |
| 7. REFERENCES |
| Annex 1. Case study effectiveness matrix |
| Mariculture Parks in the Philippines |
| 1. Introduction |
| 2. Zoning process |
| 3. Carrying capacity analysis |
| 4. Siting and licensing |
| 5. Operation and Management |
| 6. E nvironmental Monitoring at the Mariculture Pa rk Zone scale |
| 7. P erformance Monitoring and review |
| 8. Cost-Benefit S ummary |
| 9. S ocial Chall enges and Benefits |
| 10. D iscussion and Concl usions |
| 11. References |
| ANNEX 1. Case study effectiveness matrix—Philippines Mariculture Parks |
| Mariculture Parks in Turkey |
| 1. Background |
| 2. Aquaculture Zoning |
| 3. Monitoring |
| 4. Carrying Capacity |
| 5. Management |
| 6. Costs |
| 7. Discussion |
| 8. Conclusion |
| References |
| ANNEX 1. Case study effectiveness matrix |
| Aquaculture Parks in Uganda |
| 1. Background |
| 2. Scoping |
| 3. Zoning |
| 4. Site selection for Aquaculture Parks |
| 5. Authorization arrangements for Aquaculture Parks |
| 6. Cost-benefit analysis for Aquaculture Parks |
| 7. Discussion and conclusions |
| 8. References |
| Annex |
| Aquaculture Zoning, Site Selection and Area Management in Scottish Marine Finfish Production |
| Introduction |
| Aquaculture zones |
| Setting Carrying Capacity limits |
| Siting, Planning and Licensing |
| Planning Consent |
| Operational Consents |
| Business Authorisations |
| Operation and Management of Areas |
| Monitoring and Enforcement |
| Conclusions |
| ANNEX 1. Effectiveness matrix for scoping, zoning, site selection, area management and monitoring of Scottish finfish aquaculture |
| Workshop Report Patrick White and Pedro 1. Background |
| Objectives |
| 3. Participation and Activities |
| 4. Workshop presentations and conclusions 4.1 Zoning, Siting and Area Management under the EAA |
| 4.2 Thematic Issue Presentations |
| 4.3 Case Study Presentations |
| 5. Conclusions and recommendations |
| 5.1 Governance Issues |
| 5.2 Private Sector Issues |
| 6. Potential role of FAO |
| Annex |