Mediterranean coastal lagoons
MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL LAGOONS: SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND INTERACTIONS AMONG AQUACULTURE, CAPTURE FISHERIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT GENERAL FISHERIES COMMISSION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN
Cover photos and design
Cover picture: Cabras lagoon, Italy (courtesy of D. Crosetti) Cover design: F. De Rossi and A. Nastasi
STUDIES AND REVIEWS No. 95 GENERAL FISHERIES COMMISSION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN
MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL LAGOONS:
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND INTERACTIONS AMONG AQUACULTURE, CAPTURE FISHERIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
by
Stefano Cataudella, Donatella Crosetti, Fabio Massa (eds)
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015
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ISBN 978-92-5-108792-3
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| PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT - Mediterranean coastal lagoons |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Mediterranean coastal lagoons |
| ABSTRACT - Mediterranean coastal lagoons |
| ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS |
| PART 1 MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL LAGOONS: A SYNTHESIS REPORT 1 1. GENERAL CONTEXT 1.1 Coastal lagoons within the framework of the GFCM |
| 1.2 The LaMed-2 project |
| 2. SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT IN MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL LAGOONS: INTERACTIONS AMONG CAPTURE FISHERIES, AQUACULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT |
| 2.1 Historical and geographical characteristics of coastal lagoons |
| 2.2 Ecological issues and features of lagoons |
| 2.3 A complex biodiversity |
| 2.4 Exploitation of living resources in coastal lagoons |
| 2.5 Management of fishing activities in coastal lagoons: capture fisheries and aquaculture |
| 2.6 Environmental issues in coastal lagoons |
| 2.7 Institutional and legal frameworks for the environmental protection of coastal lagoons |
| 2.8 Conclusions: integrating management with coastal lagoons conservation in the GFCM area |
| 2.9 References |
| 1. ALBANIA |
| 1.2 Generalities on coastal lagoons |
| 1.3 Living resources |
| 1.4 Land and water management |
| 1.5 Lagoon exploitation |
| 1.6 Interactions among aquaculture, capture fisheries and the environment in coastal lagoon management |
| 1.7 General considerations |
| 2. ALGERIA |
| 2.2 Generalities on coastal lagoons |
| 2.3 Living resources |
| 2.4 Lagoon exploitation |
| 3. EGYPT |
| 3.2 Generalities on the coastal lagoons of Egypt |
| 3.3 Living resources |
| 3.4 Land and water management |
| 3.5 Lagoon exploitation |
| 3.6 Interactions among aquaculture, capture fisheries and the environment in coastal lagoon management |
| 3.7 Environmental considerations |
| 4. FRANCE |
| 4.2 Generalities on coastal lagoons of France |
| 4.3 Living resources |
| 4.4 Land and water management |
| 4.5 Lagoon exploitation |
| 4.6 Interactions among aquaculture, capture fisheries and the environment in coastal lagoon management |
| 4.7 Environmental considerations |
| 5. GREECE |
| 5.2 Generalities on coastal lagoons |
| 5.3 Living resources |
| 5.4 Land and water management |
| 5.5 Lagoon exploitation |
| 5.6 Interactions among aquaculture, capture fisheries and the environment in coastal lagoon management |
| 5.7 Environmental considerations |
| 6. ITALY |
| 6.2 Generalities on coastal lagoons |
| 6.3 Living resources |
| 6.4 Land and water management |
| 6.5 Lagoon exploitation |
| 6.6 Interactions among aquaculture, capture fisheries and the environment in coastal lagoon management |
| 6.7 Environmental considerations |
| 7. MONTENEGRO |
| 7.2 Generalities on coastal lagoons |
| 7.3 Living resources |
| 7.4 Land and water management |
| 7.5 Lagoon exploitation |
| 8. MOROCCO |
| 8.2 General information on coastal lagoons |
| 8.3 Physical and chemical characteristics of the lagoon |
| 8.4 Living resources |
| 8.5 Land and water management |
| 8.6 Lagoon exploitation |
| 8.7 Interactions among aquaculture, capture fisheries and the environment in coastal lagoon management |
| 9. SPAIN |
| 9.2 General information on coastal lagoons |
| 9.3 Living resources |
| 9.4 Land and water management |
| 9.5 Lagoon exploitation |
| 9.6 Interactions among aquaculture, capture fisheries and the environment in coastal lagoon management |
| 9.7 Environmental considerations |
| 9.8 General remarks |
| 10. TUNISIA |
| 10.2 Generalities on Tunisian coastal lagoons |
| 10.3 Living resources |
| 10.4 Land and water management |
| 10.5 Lagoon exploitation |
| 10.6 Interactions among aquaculture, capture fisheries and the environment in coastal lagoon management |
| 10.7 Environmental considerations |
| 11. TURKEY |
| 11.2 Generalities on coastal lagoons |
| 11.3 Living resources |
| 11.4 Land and water management |
| 11.5 Lagoon exploitation |
| 11.6 Interactions among aquaculture, capture fisheries and the environment in coastal lagoon management |
| 11.7 Environmental considerations |
| CASE STUDY 1 FISHERY ACTIVITIES AND MANAGEMENT PLAN IN THE VENICE LAGOON |
| CASE STUDY 2. SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE FOR THE ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT OF MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL WETLANDS |
| CASE STUDY 3. STATE OF THE RESOURCE AND EXPLOITATION OF THE EUROPEAN EEL |
| CASE STUDY 4. TOWARDS A STOCK-WIDE ASSESSMENT OF THE EUROPEAN EEL |
| CASE STUDY 5. INDICATORS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL LAGOONS AREAS |
The Mediterranean region hosts around 400 coastal lagoons, covering a surface of over 641 000 ha differing in both their typology and use. Fisheries and various forms of aquaculture have been traditionally carried out in Mediterranean coastal lagoons since ancient times and are part of the cultural heritage of the region. Traditional lagoon management linked to extensive aquaculture and fish harvesting has certainly contributed, over time, to preserve these peculiar ecosystems, although much of the coastal lagoon areas have progressively disappeared due to land reclamation and other uses. Recently, coastal lagoons have become a relevant environmental concern: land claiming, pollution and the lack of management, among other factors, have strongly modified both the structure and functioning of these sensitive coastal ecosystems. In particular, the management of traditional aquaculture and capture fisheries activities has been identified as the main instrument to maintain lagoons’ ecological features and to prevent the degradation of their sensitive habitats, both from an environmental and socioeconomic point of view. To guarantee the sustainability of aquaculture and capture fisheries in lagoons, proper management plans should be established so as to ensure the preservation of both biodiversity and local knowledge. This should also be considered as a fundamental pillar for any programme for the preservation and restoration of lagoons’ environment.