Capture-based aquaculture of yellowtail
Makoto Nakada
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Tokyo, Japan
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Nakada, M. 2008. Capture-based aquaculture of yellowtail. In A. Lovatelli; P.F. Holthus (eds). Capture-based aquaculture. Global overview. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 508. Rome, FAO. pp. 199–215.
SUMMARY
The 2004 production of cultured yellowtail (Seriola spp.) in Japan from 1 288 enterprises was 150 028 tonnes valued at ?111.2 billion (US$1.334 billion). Yellowtail mariculture has developed remarkably due to the abundant supply and low price of wild-caught juveniles (Mojako) and sardines used as the main fish feed of fishmeal component. Hatchery produced yellowtail seed are far more expensive. Other critical elements that supported the growth of yellowtail farming include the existence of abundant suitable culture sites along the Japanese coast and innovative technical developments.
The history of yellowtail culture in Japan began over 70 years ago. Before that, fishers cultured undersized fish in ponds and sold them when they reached marketable size. This utilization of bycatch (undersized fish) was accepted by the public, particularly as unmarketable fish were often used as fertilizer or livestock feed. Currently aquaculture production for many species exceeds that landed from capture fisheries.
Some commercial culture trials on amberjack have been undertaken in Taiwan Province of China, Mexico and Vietnam, but no successes have been achieved with raising yellowtail. The main constraints include diseases and low production costs in tropical areas. In contrast, the culture of Seriola spp. is promising due to their strong vitality and rapid growth, and may well expand at the global level through hatchery-produced juveniles.